NeuBrain Optimize Formulation

NeuBrain Optimize enhances focus, clarity, memory, and mood by combining multiple compounds that work synergistically, including:

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CDP Choline

  • CDP-choline plays a role in the structure of neurons, particularly the cell membrane. Specifically, it enhances production of phosphatidylcholine, one of major building blocks of neuronal cell membranes. Though originally thought to only act as a wall, neuronal cell membranes are now understood to have a much broader impact on cell health, including regulating gene expression. Stabilizing the neuronal cell membrane is why it is being studied for neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer’s and stroke.
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  • CDP-choline also plays an important role in producing the body’s neurotransmitters, specifically acetylcholine. Neurotransmitters, which exist primarily in synapses, or the junctions between neurons, are tiny molecules that enable communication between neurons. Acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter for learning, and thereby CDP-choline has been shown to increase memory, attention, and also prevent cognitive decline in some individuals.
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  • Because of the above properties, CDP-choline is now being studied in spinal cord injury. Combined with stem cells, CDP-choline, was shown to significantly increase the expression of the receptors of acetylcholine in spinal cords.

References

  • 1. Clin Interv Aging. 2015 Sep 3;10:1421-9. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S87886. eCollection 2015.
    The role of citicoline in cognitive impairment: pharmacological characteristics, possible advantages, and doubts for an old drug with new perspectives.
    Gareri P1, Castagna A1, Cotroneo AM2, Putignano S3, De Sarro G4, Bruni AC1.
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  • 2. Secades JJ1, Alvarez-Sabín J2, Castillo J3, Díez-Tejedor E4, Martínez-Vila E5, Ríos J6, Oudovenko N7.
    J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016 Aug;25(8):1984-96. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.04.010. Epub 2016 May 24.
    Citicoline for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Formal Meta-analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trials.
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  • 3. Paulose CS1, John PS2, Chinthu R3, Akhilraj PR3, Anju TR4.
    Biomed J. 2017 Apr;40(2):94-100. doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2016.11.006. Epub 2017 May 4.
    Spinal cord regeneration by modulating bone marrow with neurotransmitters and Citicholine: Analysis at micro molecular level.
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  • 4. Phosphoinositide [PI(3,5)P2] lipid-dependent regulation of the general transcriptional regulator Tup1 Bong-Kwan Han, Scott D. Emr Genes Dev. 2011 May 1; 25(9): 984–995. doi: 10.1101/gad.1998611

Huperzine A

  • Huperzine A is an extract from club moss that works to raise levels of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and has been shown to increase the learning functions of the brain.

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  • Huperzine A has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine as the herb Huperzia serrata and was traditionally used to treat memory loss. Specifically, it raises the neurotransmitter acetylcholine levels in the brain by changing how the molecule is metabolized. This mechanism is comparable to how some pharmaceuticals work to improve memory, though huperzine A is generally reported to be safer with less side effects.

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  • Beyond increasing acetylcholine, new studies are showing huperzine has multiple effects on neurons. It increases neurogenesis, the process of making new neurons. In animals, it has been shown to do this particularly in the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in memory. At the same time, it acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, and protects cells and their mitochondria from iron and plaque buildup related to the progression of Alzheimer’s. Like CDP-choline, it appears it is supportive in spinal cord injury. Lastly, it appears huperzine could even improve mood.

References

  • 1. Wu SL et al., J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2017 Oct;37(5):795-802. doi: 10.1007/s11596-017-1807-8. Epub 2017 Oct 20. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of oral dosage forms of huperzine a in healthy Chinese male volunteers: a randomized, single dose, three-period, six-sequence crossover study.
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  • 2. Qian ZM et al. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014 Aug 19;6:216. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00216. eCollection 2014. Huperzine A: Is it an Effective Disease-Modifying Drug for Alzheimer’s Disease?
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  • 3. Mei Z et al. Metab Brain Dis. 2017 Dec;32(6):1861-1869. doi: 10.1007/s11011-017-0075-4. Epub 2017 Jul 26. Huperzine A alleviates neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and improves cognitive function after repetitive traumatic brain injury.
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  • 4. Du Y et al. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2017 Jul;158:32-38. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.06.002. Epub 2017 Jun 3. Administration of Huperzine A exerts antidepressant-like activity in a rat model of post-stroke depression.

    5. Antar V et al.
    J Neurosurg Sci. 2018 Apr;62(2):128-139. doi: 10.23736/S0390-5616.16.03428-7. Epub 2015 Oct 16.
    Assessment of the neuroprotective effects of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor huperzine A in an experimental spinal cord trauma model.

Rhodiola Rosea

Rhodiola is an adaptogenic herb that assists the brain in times of stress and fatigue. It maintains cognitive functions, and also improves general sense of well being.

Known for its ability to assist brain function in response to stress and fatigue, this adaptogenic compound herb helps maintain cognitive functions such as memory and intelligence, and provides improvement in both subjective well-being and mental energy levels. In one recent study of caregivers experiencing burnout, it was additionally found to provide improvement in measures such as loss of zest for life and irritability.

In the brain, Rhodiola has certain unique effects of protecting brain cells, including the stem cells, from inflammation and injury from toxins; in the setting of injury, it can promote neuro neuronal healing. It supports the immune system and may have a direct antifungal activity, e.g. against the yeast Candida. It also increases blood flow and serotonin levels, and has shown similar power to help depression as pharmaceutical antidepressants. It may also be protective against neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s and cancer, and increase lifespan.

It has been studied that human cells emit a variety of different type of energies. Rhodiola has been shown to regulate one of these emissions—weak biophoton emissions—in a manner similar to meditation. This effect is thought to be due to a reduction in the production of free radicals.

Ashwagandha

  • Commonly used in traditional Indian medicine or Ayurveda, Ashwagandha is an herb with powerful effects on mood and energy. It has been shown to decrease stress and fatigue through its positive effects on hormones, including lowering cortisol—the stress hormone—and thereby may increase energy levels.
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  • In the brain, ashwagandha appears to work through multiple mechanisms.  Though these are not all clearly understood, studies show it may impact nearly every neurotransmitter system, from serotonin to GABA to acetylcholine.
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  • Furthermore, studies show it enhances the antioxidant defense system in the brain and raises the expression of proteins responsible for growth and communication of neurons.
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  • In detailed studies, herbal extracts, including ashwagandha, have been found to contain transcription factors, which are part of the science of epigenetics, a growing field that studies why and how certain genes are expressed. In one study, it was found that ashwagandha extracts contain 3,532 transcription factors, which may account for its many mechanisms of action, many perhaps yet to be uncovered.

 

References

  • 1. Yenisetti SC, Manjunath MJ, Muralidhara C1.  Recent Pat CNS Drug Discov. 2016;10(2):204-215. Neuropharmacological Properties of Withania somnifera – Indian Ginseng: An Overview on Experimental Evidence with Emphasis on Clinical Trials and Patents.
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  • 2. Dar NJ, Hamid A, Ahmad M Cell Mol Life Sci. 2015 Dec;72(23):4445-60. doi: 10.1007/s00018-015-2012-1. Epub 2015 Aug 26.  Pharmacologic overview of Withania somnifera, the Indian Ginseng.
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  • 3. Durg S, Dhadde SB, Vandal R, Shivakumar BS, Charan CS. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2015 Jul;67(7):879-99. doi: 10.1111/jphp.12398. Epub 2015 Apr 1.  Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in neurobehavioural disorders induced by brain oxidative stress in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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  • 4. Pratte MA1, Nanavati KB, Young V, Morley CP. J Altern Complement Med. 2014 Dec;20(12):901-8. doi: 10.1089/acm.2014.0177. An alternative treatment for anxiety: a systematic review of human trial results reported for the Ayurvedic herb ashwagandha (Withania somnifera).
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  • 5. Sandhya Tripathi, Rajender Singh Sangwan, Lokesh Kumar Narnoliya, Yashdeep Srivastava, Bhawana Mishra & Neelam Singh Sangwan Transcription factor repertoire in Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) through analytics of transcriptomic resources: Insights into regulation of development and withanolide metabolism
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  • 6. Nature: Scientific Reports, volume 7, Article number: 16649 (2017)

Bacopa Monnieri

  • Bacopa is a powerful herb that has been shown to increase memory and cognition. It works by increasing neuroplasticity, or the brain’s ability to transform itself.
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  • As a neuroprotective compound, Bacopa has been found to increase antioxidant enzyme production, including glutathione peroxidase, and was shown to protect against the effects of mercury and aluminum—these effects were found in multiple brain areas including the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Other studies have shown decrease of inflammation in the brain, leading Bacopa to being studied as potential method to prevent Alzheimer’s.
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  • Functionally, bacopa improves both cognition and memory, as well as mood.  Effects on cognition encompass learning, concentration, and multiple types of memory, and occurs with increases in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. While these effects can take months to develop, bacopa can also be used to quickly reduce anxiety and depression within one hour through mechanisms involving serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitters.
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  • Bacopa has been found to increase neuroplasticity, which refers to the brain’s ability to mold and transform itself at both a microscopic and macroscopic level.  Bacopa contributes to this function in several ways. Most interestingly, it stimulates neuron growth, in particular the arms of the neurons known as “dendrites,” which enable the very important communications between cells. This may contribute to bacopa’s positive learning and memory effects by supporting actual “rewiring” of the brain. In addition, it has been found to increase blood flow to the brain, increase neuronal growth factors, and even augment the electrical signalling between cells. These effects may explain why bacopa can improve memory equally in younger and elderly individuals.

References

 

L-Theanine

  • L theanine is a unique amino acid that simultaneously expresses multiple, direct effects on neurons, and enhances attention while increasing relaxation. It is well known to increase relaxation and tranquility, with the anti-stress effects  demonstrated by magnetoencephalography that show changes in magnetic fields around the brains of subjects taking theanine. It works by multiple mechanisms, including stimulating stem cells.
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  • Other positive effects include enhanced attention comparable to caffeine, improvement in mood comparable to improvements from antidepressant medication, and finally, benefits in cognition and memory.
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  • Recent studies suggest theanine enhances neuroprotection and neurogenesis through direct stimulation of pluripotent stem cells of the brain. It has also been shown to mildly increase lifespan.

 

References

  • 1. L-theanine, unique amino acid of tea, and its metabolism, health effects, safety Turkozu et al, 2017.  Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. Neurobiological effects of the green tea constituent theanine and its potential role in the treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders , Lardner, 2014, Nutr Neurosci
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  • 2. Magnetoencephalography study: White, Nutrients 2016. Stem cells: Yakuda, An L-glutamine transporter isoform for neurogenesis facilitated by l theanine.

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